FINAL
TASK REPORT OF ELECTRONIC STUDY
PROGRAM
PROJECT ENGLISH LANGUAGE
School
year 2016/2017
LAMP EMERGENCY
Arrangged
by :
Name
: DONI P
ERVAN
DIMAS
PRAYOGO
Student’s
number :
Grade :
Competence
program : TEHNIK DAN REKAYASA
Sub
competence program : TEHNIK
INSTALASI TENAGA LISTRIK
SMK
NAGARA KEDUNGGALAR
School
year 2016/2017
TABLE OF CONTENT
TITLE i
PREFACE ii
TABLE OF CONTEN iii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
1
B.
Benefict 1
C.
Purpose
of the experiment 1
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
A.
Emergency
lamp 2
B.
Introduction
component used in emergency lamp 2
CHAPTER III DISCUSSION
A.
definition
opf emergency lamp 4
B.
Principle 4
C.
Equipment and
materials 4
D.
Work steps 5
CHAPTER IVCOVER
A. Analysisis 7
B. Conclution 7
BIBILIOGRAPY 8
PREFACE
Praise and gratitude to Allah SWT for grace and His gift was the one I have been able to complete a design and its report with the title "EMERGENCY LAMP"
This report was compiled based on what we have done in the design, and we got from several sources. The material in this report are presented in order that the reader has a central position to implement a life based on the various points of view, one viewpoint electronics. Emergency planning report is also intended for the reader to know the ways design.
Certainly we will not be able to finish this report without the support of several parties who have provided inspiration and motivation to me. Allah SWT. in particular, because he himself gives me the opportunity to continue working and working, through time and health opportunities that it provides. And to parents as well as friends who always support both morally and materially. , Who continue to give criticism, advice and instruction to the completion of the design along with a good report.
Our efforts, like a drop of water amid the ocean of the world of education. We only provide a piece of word of thousands of words about the design of electronic equipment.
As the saying goes "there is no ivory that is not cracked," as with our report. There are still many shortcomings here and there in making this report. Therefore, we expect criticism and constructive suggestions from readers and lecturers to perfection in our next report.
Kedunggalar ,Pebruari 03 , 2017
Composer
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
A BACKGROUND
In everyday life an emergency system is needed for the salvation of mankind. Without a system of emergency, humans can not predict the dangers that can occur on a network system. Therefore, the system is very useful when applied to a wide range of emergency lighting.
Our goal in making such a tool to assist human emergency lighting in case of power outages. In addition, more specific objectives, namely to fulfill the task subjects FIBER PLANNING PRACTICE.
B BENEFITS
1. To help lighting help during a blackout abruptly.
2. For time-saving power outage
C PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT
1. Teach students to be able to create a network on the PCB board.
2. Create a tool that can be used for everyday life.
In everyday life an emergency system is needed for the salvation of mankind. Without a system of emergency, humans can not predict the dangers that can occur on a network system. Therefore, the system is very useful when applied to a wide range of emergency lighting.
Our goal in making such a tool to assist human emergency lighting in case of power outages. In addition, more specific objectives, namely to fulfill the task subjects FIBER PLANNING PRACTICE.
B BENEFITS
1. To help lighting help during a blackout abruptly.
2. For time-saving power outage
C PURPOSE OF THE EXPERIMENT
1. Teach students to be able to create a network on the PCB board.
2. Create a tool that can be used for everyday life.
CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW
LITERATURE REVIEW
A. EMERGENCY LAMP
Of the various items or electronic equipment that we meet today, we will find that almost all the parts run by a one-way power source (DC) .Emergency light is a tool, where the tool is in the form of contingency lights will work when it is not No electricity or commonly called a blackout. This tool will work automatically turned off the lights, so it will serve as a replacement flashlight or candle. Emergency light is made based on the merits contained therein, which means that this tool has a role to facilitate in their daily lives. This tool also has a high selling power because a lot of he who interested in this tool, as it can be used as a means of lighting up, and can be used if it is going off the lights is to allow electric current to flow in one direction (called the condition Retainer forward) and to hold flow in the reverse direction (called the condition Retainer backwards). Therefore, the diode can be thought of as an electronic version of the valve on the transmission fluid.
Of the various items or electronic equipment that we meet today, we will find that almost all the parts run by a one-way power source (DC) .Emergency light is a tool, where the tool is in the form of contingency lights will work when it is not No electricity or commonly called a blackout. This tool will work automatically turned off the lights, so it will serve as a replacement flashlight or candle. Emergency light is made based on the merits contained therein, which means that this tool has a role to facilitate in their daily lives. This tool also has a high selling power because a lot of he who interested in this tool, as it can be used as a means of lighting up, and can be used if it is going off the lights is to allow electric current to flow in one direction (called the condition Retainer forward) and to hold flow in the reverse direction (called the condition Retainer backwards). Therefore, the diode can be thought of as an electronic version of the valve on the transmission fluid.
B. INTRODUCTION COMPONENTS USED IN
EMERGENCY LAMP
Some of the components used in this circuit:
1. Capacitor
Condenser or often referred to as the capacitor is a device that can store energy in an electric field, by collecting internal imbalance of charge listrik.Kondensator has a unit called farad of MichaelFaraday name. Tantalum is also known as "capacitor", but the word "condenser" is still used today. The first is called by an Italian scientist Alessandro Volta in 1782 (from the Italian condensatore), with respect to the tool's ability to store an electrical charge that is higher than other components. Most languages and countries that do not use the English language is still referring to the words of the Italian "condensatore", French condensateur, Indonesia and Germany capacitors or Spanish Condensador.
2. Resistor
Resistors are electronic components of two channels designed to withstand an electric current by producing a voltage drop between the second channel in accordance with the current flowing over, according to Ohm's law.
Some of the components used in this circuit:
1. Capacitor
Condenser or often referred to as the capacitor is a device that can store energy in an electric field, by collecting internal imbalance of charge listrik.Kondensator has a unit called farad of MichaelFaraday name. Tantalum is also known as "capacitor", but the word "condenser" is still used today. The first is called by an Italian scientist Alessandro Volta in 1782 (from the Italian condensatore), with respect to the tool's ability to store an electrical charge that is higher than other components. Most languages and countries that do not use the English language is still referring to the words of the Italian "condensatore", French condensateur, Indonesia and Germany capacitors or Spanish Condensador.
2. Resistor
Resistors are electronic components of two channels designed to withstand an electric current by producing a voltage drop between the second channel in accordance with the current flowing over, according to Ohm's law.
C. IC LM 317
Is a type Ic that function like diodezenner shaped chip, which functions as a voltage stabilizer.
4. Transistor
Semi-conductor transistor is a device used as an amplifier, a circuit breaker and junction (switching), voltage stabilization, signal modulation, or as other functions. Transistors can serve a kind of electric faucet, which is based on input current (BJT) or voltage inputs (FET), enabling highly accurate flow of electricity from the source circuit listrik.Transistor through-hole (compared with the measuring tape centimeter) In general, the transistor has 3 terminals , Voltage or current that is installed in the terminal set larger currents through two other terminals. Transistor is a very important component in modern electronic world. In analog circuits, transistors are used in amplifiers (boosters). The series of analogue surround loudspeakers, the power source is stable, and the radio signal amplifier. In digital circuits, transistors are used as high-speed switch.
Is a type Ic that function like diodezenner shaped chip, which functions as a voltage stabilizer.
4. Transistor
Semi-conductor transistor is a device used as an amplifier, a circuit breaker and junction (switching), voltage stabilization, signal modulation, or as other functions. Transistors can serve a kind of electric faucet, which is based on input current (BJT) or voltage inputs (FET), enabling highly accurate flow of electricity from the source circuit listrik.Transistor through-hole (compared with the measuring tape centimeter) In general, the transistor has 3 terminals , Voltage or current that is installed in the terminal set larger currents through two other terminals. Transistor is a very important component in modern electronic world. In analog circuits, transistors are used in amplifiers (boosters). The series of analogue surround loudspeakers, the power source is stable, and the radio signal amplifier. In digital circuits, transistors are used as high-speed switch.
5.
LED (light emitting diode)
Light-emitting diode, or better known as LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor that emits incoherent monochromatic light when given a forward voltage.
The series relies on LED lamp which serves as a ni LED replacement bulbs in lighting.
Light-emitting diode, or better known as LED (light-emitting diode) is a semiconductor that emits incoherent monochromatic light when given a forward voltage.
The series relies on LED lamp which serves as a ni LED replacement bulbs in lighting.
CHAPTER III
DISCUSSION
DISCUSSION
A. DEFINITION OF EMERGENCY LAMP
In a series of emergency lights are changing the DC voltage makes the AC. useful when the electricity network is disconnected. the workings of this circuit is a voltage of 12 V is turned on quickly by IC LM317 .In 1000 μF capacitor circuit contained and R 1.2 K. These components are used to generate frequencies. to use 12 VAC transformer input but the smaller the value of the voltage transformer AC voltage generated even greater. by using a small transformer 1A CT. The results of this chain of white LEDs can be lit with light. In this circuit can not generate AC voltage Sine wave ideal, but only a square wave. In order to generate the sine wave PWM use to adjust the firing angle
In a series of emergency lights are changing the DC voltage makes the AC. useful when the electricity network is disconnected. the workings of this circuit is a voltage of 12 V is turned on quickly by IC LM317 .In 1000 μF capacitor circuit contained and R 1.2 K. These components are used to generate frequencies. to use 12 VAC transformer input but the smaller the value of the voltage transformer AC voltage generated even greater. by using a small transformer 1A CT. The results of this chain of white LEDs can be lit with light. In this circuit can not generate AC voltage Sine wave ideal, but only a square wave. In order to generate the sine wave PWM use to adjust the firing angle
B. PRINCIPLE
Emergency light will work when there is no incoming AC source and drain to the network until a replacement AC source of this network is batrei cas (batrai that can be filled again charged). Network power suplly here serves as a charger for the batrei that if he were empty then recharging batrei power suplly will be back in full, which will be used as a source of light when the lamp is off network batrei why when the lights automatically become a source for lamps?? This depends on the transistor BD 140 that functions as an automatic switch, when given a source of power supply, the transistor will be open, and at being no source, then he will be closed, so therefore why at the time were not given the source of the light, it because the transistor is in a closed state, and when given the source of the transistor opens and the lamp will not light, the working principle of this transistor is like a switch, but the transistor is automatically works, and the lights were on when it will receive resources from the batteries, and he will continue to exist in the current sucked up batrei batrei exhausted, and when batrei exhausted, power supply, which will contribute to re-charge the batteries.
Emergency light will work when there is no incoming AC source and drain to the network until a replacement AC source of this network is batrei cas (batrai that can be filled again charged). Network power suplly here serves as a charger for the batrei that if he were empty then recharging batrei power suplly will be back in full, which will be used as a source of light when the lamp is off network batrei why when the lights automatically become a source for lamps?? This depends on the transistor BD 140 that functions as an automatic switch, when given a source of power supply, the transistor will be open, and at being no source, then he will be closed, so therefore why at the time were not given the source of the light, it because the transistor is in a closed state, and when given the source of the transistor opens and the lamp will not light, the working principle of this transistor is like a switch, but the transistor is automatically works, and the lights were on when it will receive resources from the batteries, and he will continue to exist in the current sucked up batrei batrei exhausted, and when batrei exhausted, power supply, which will contribute to re-charge the batteries.
C. EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
1. Board PCB 2 pieces (5 x 8 cm and 10 x 10 cm)
2. Traffo 220v / 500mA 1 piece
3. Power Cord 1 piece
4. IC LM317 1 piece
5. Capacitor 1000 μF 1 piece
6. Resistor 100 Ω 24 pieces
7. Resistor 1 kΩ 3 pieces
8. Transistor BD140 2 pieces
9. Transistor BC 548 1 piece
10. Potentiometer 10 kΩ 1 piece
11. The zener diode 6v8 / 0,5w 1 piece
12. Diodes 1N4007 1 pc
13. Resistor 16Ω / 5W 1 piece
14. Battery 6V / 4.5 AH 1 piece
15. The diode bridge LED 1 piece
16. Switch 1 piece
17. Solder 1 piece
18. Lead Moderation
19. Lotfet Moderation
20. Cables connecting Moderation
21. Multimeter
22. Acrylic etc Moderation
23. Box Plastic 1 piece
1. Board PCB 2 pieces (5 x 8 cm and 10 x 10 cm)
2. Traffo 220v / 500mA 1 piece
3. Power Cord 1 piece
4. IC LM317 1 piece
5. Capacitor 1000 μF 1 piece
6. Resistor 100 Ω 24 pieces
7. Resistor 1 kΩ 3 pieces
8. Transistor BD140 2 pieces
9. Transistor BC 548 1 piece
10. Potentiometer 10 kΩ 1 piece
11. The zener diode 6v8 / 0,5w 1 piece
12. Diodes 1N4007 1 pc
13. Resistor 16Ω / 5W 1 piece
14. Battery 6V / 4.5 AH 1 piece
15. The diode bridge LED 1 piece
16. Switch 1 piece
17. Solder 1 piece
18. Lead Moderation
19. Lotfet Moderation
20. Cables connecting Moderation
21. Multimeter
22. Acrylic etc Moderation
23. Box Plastic 1 piece
D. WORK STEPS
1. Prepare material component materials, as they become available then test the circuit on a project board to determine whether the circuit is running well or not.
2. After finding out that the series was going well then create a planning stage ± the construction stage of this tool.
3. The first create a layout of the circuit's emergency light, at first we ± for layout into two layouts power supply and the second is the layout of the lights, draw the layout of components and layout on a millimeter paper block, to make them easily corrected if there are mistakes and manufacturing, will look neat, after the layout is finished drawn, then move the image into the board using a pen OHF and rugos.
4. After moving to PCB Layout The PCB larutlah using liquid FeCl or Feriklorit, the goal for conductor unused lines can disappear. Provide sufficient water boils, feedback FeCl powder into the water, then let stand for a while so that the powder and water soluble, once dissolved PCB input into it, Wait 5 minutes, then visible conductor material disappeared, remove and drain.
5. Clean Layout ink that is still covered with gasoline, Thinner, Hampelas, wipe up the ink disappears.
1. Prepare material component materials, as they become available then test the circuit on a project board to determine whether the circuit is running well or not.
2. After finding out that the series was going well then create a planning stage ± the construction stage of this tool.
3. The first create a layout of the circuit's emergency light, at first we ± for layout into two layouts power supply and the second is the layout of the lights, draw the layout of components and layout on a millimeter paper block, to make them easily corrected if there are mistakes and manufacturing, will look neat, after the layout is finished drawn, then move the image into the board using a pen OHF and rugos.
4. After moving to PCB Layout The PCB larutlah using liquid FeCl or Feriklorit, the goal for conductor unused lines can disappear. Provide sufficient water boils, feedback FeCl powder into the water, then let stand for a while so that the powder and water soluble, once dissolved PCB input into it, Wait 5 minutes, then visible conductor material disappeared, remove and drain.
5. Clean Layout ink that is still covered with gasoline, Thinner, Hampelas, wipe up the ink disappears.
6. After the
second PCB terlayout, Layout holes with Drill machine, its purpose as a place
to put together with the foot component layout, Punch a hole with a drilling
machine, with drill bit size 1mm.
7. After everything terlubangi, Put all the components - components in accordance with the list on the circuit, and install the appropriate layout on planning millimeter block you create.
8. Once installed, heat the solder and tin provide, if necessary provide pasta, after the solder heat and is able to melt lead, then solder the components by using a lead foot, how to hold the solder kekaki solder components with a slope of 45 degrees, then hold the lead, and tin will will melt and stick to the path layout.Solderan good conductor has a criteria that is, do not agglomerate and shiny.
9. Once installed all, check back PCB check whether there are still paths converge or not, if it sure does not exist, then carry on to the PCB connecting phase 1 or the Transformer as the source, connect the transformer to the Input 0 and 12v power supply, once connected, plug the ketrafo primary voltage of 0 and 220v, once installed test power supply circuit this, connect the plug to the source of the PLN, and check the transformer output state to be connected to Batrei, when seen in avo there is voltage at the output with the appropriate voltage means that the output is not there is a problem, and then check the output to the lamp, if there is no tegangandan when the source is removed and the output batrei associated with batrei, voltage appears, then certainly a tool you run well.
10. Test the lights by using batrei, semuadengan when the light is good, then there is no problem whatsoever.
11. For the next stage Combine the power supply circuit with a lamp by using a jumper as the connecting, remember not to wrong polarity, after the tide batrei charge at the output power supply, after the test back.
12. Connect the plug to the source of the PLN, the state before being connected to the sources, the lights still on, and when connected to the source, the light arrived - arrived dead, and when disconnected, the source and the lamp lit akankembali.
13. Once we know this tool works, this series with the chasing pack to be unfit for use or sale and to prevent rapid deterioration.
14. Provide materials-materials to make chasing, ie ready-made plastic box and prepare acrylic instead of glass.
15. Enter the following circuit transformer and batteries, when installed properly, the lid chasing with a perforated lid with acrylic as the exit light from the lamp, replace them with menggunakanmur and bolts.
16. Once attached to the meeting. Then become a tool called EMERGENCY LIGHT.
7. After everything terlubangi, Put all the components - components in accordance with the list on the circuit, and install the appropriate layout on planning millimeter block you create.
8. Once installed, heat the solder and tin provide, if necessary provide pasta, after the solder heat and is able to melt lead, then solder the components by using a lead foot, how to hold the solder kekaki solder components with a slope of 45 degrees, then hold the lead, and tin will will melt and stick to the path layout.Solderan good conductor has a criteria that is, do not agglomerate and shiny.
9. Once installed all, check back PCB check whether there are still paths converge or not, if it sure does not exist, then carry on to the PCB connecting phase 1 or the Transformer as the source, connect the transformer to the Input 0 and 12v power supply, once connected, plug the ketrafo primary voltage of 0 and 220v, once installed test power supply circuit this, connect the plug to the source of the PLN, and check the transformer output state to be connected to Batrei, when seen in avo there is voltage at the output with the appropriate voltage means that the output is not there is a problem, and then check the output to the lamp, if there is no tegangandan when the source is removed and the output batrei associated with batrei, voltage appears, then certainly a tool you run well.
10. Test the lights by using batrei, semuadengan when the light is good, then there is no problem whatsoever.
11. For the next stage Combine the power supply circuit with a lamp by using a jumper as the connecting, remember not to wrong polarity, after the tide batrei charge at the output power supply, after the test back.
12. Connect the plug to the source of the PLN, the state before being connected to the sources, the lights still on, and when connected to the source, the light arrived - arrived dead, and when disconnected, the source and the lamp lit akankembali.
13. Once we know this tool works, this series with the chasing pack to be unfit for use or sale and to prevent rapid deterioration.
14. Provide materials-materials to make chasing, ie ready-made plastic box and prepare acrylic instead of glass.
15. Enter the following circuit transformer and batteries, when installed properly, the lid chasing with a perforated lid with acrylic as the exit light from the lamp, replace them with menggunakanmur and bolts.
16. Once attached to the meeting. Then become a tool called EMERGENCY LIGHT.
CHAPTER IV
COVER
COVER
A. ANALYSIS
The series is a series of emergency lights emergency lights are quite simple and not difficult to make. The circuit is actually almost the same with the battery charger circuit, only in this emergency circuit breaker plus switching a load current when the circuit is connected with a supply voltage of 220 volts or in other words the charging position. Meanwhile, when a voltage of 220 volts is disconnected (PLN off the lights) then automatically load switching circuit will be activated and turn on the emergency lights, where the supply is used is derived from batteries that have been installed in stand-by.
In a series of emergency over the use of LED as a lighting load emergency. And indeed lately we find a lot of emergency lights sold in the market that use LEDs, but the LED used instead led carelessly but that has led the light is brighter. The advantages of using this led namely because it led a very frugal will once power-consumption with a limited battery supply can run a series in a long time.
Components used for emergency lighting circuit is not too much and indeed the components used are the components that are commonly used as components for circuit switching power supply and battery charging. IC LM 317 is a regulator ic useful as a producer supply voltage for battery supply. Transistor T2 (BD 140) useful as switching, ie, disconnect from the current to the load at the time of PLN 220 volt lamp life so that lights will be extinguished. But when the lights PLN does not provide supply voltage transistor T2 connects the connection from the battery to the load light.
The series is a series of emergency lights emergency lights are quite simple and not difficult to make. The circuit is actually almost the same with the battery charger circuit, only in this emergency circuit breaker plus switching a load current when the circuit is connected with a supply voltage of 220 volts or in other words the charging position. Meanwhile, when a voltage of 220 volts is disconnected (PLN off the lights) then automatically load switching circuit will be activated and turn on the emergency lights, where the supply is used is derived from batteries that have been installed in stand-by.
In a series of emergency over the use of LED as a lighting load emergency. And indeed lately we find a lot of emergency lights sold in the market that use LEDs, but the LED used instead led carelessly but that has led the light is brighter. The advantages of using this led namely because it led a very frugal will once power-consumption with a limited battery supply can run a series in a long time.
Components used for emergency lighting circuit is not too much and indeed the components used are the components that are commonly used as components for circuit switching power supply and battery charging. IC LM 317 is a regulator ic useful as a producer supply voltage for battery supply. Transistor T2 (BD 140) useful as switching, ie, disconnect from the current to the load at the time of PLN 220 volt lamp life so that lights will be extinguished. But when the lights PLN does not provide supply voltage transistor T2 connects the connection from the battery to the load light.
4.2 CONCLUSIONS
The conclusion of this project is we have created a tool called Emergency Light or Emergency lights, where the tool is very useful in our lives, especially when turned off the lights, it will work automatically without having been turned on manually, this tool is light backup when we needed it. By making this tool we can create a tool that has a high jualyang with exceptional benefits.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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